Harmful effects on health of methods used in sport

The Spanish Agency for the protection of health in sport has published the list of prohibited substances and methods in the practice of sport and its effect on the health of the athlete.

 

 

S0. Substances without approval

It is impossible to determine the possible effects of consumption of substances without approval. In this case the risk that runs when consuming this type of substances is very high since they are products that are in the development phase, which have not proven their safety for health and that in many cases will not be approved precisely by the risks associated with its consumption.

 

S1. Anabolic agents

Anabolic androgenic steroids:

The therapeutic use of these substances is indicated in cases of male hypogonadism, certain anemias, chronic syndromes of loss of muscle and conservation of bone mass. The adverse effects on health are:

General:

• Acne
• Damage to the liver (tumors)
• Premature closure of growth centers of long bones in adolescents, atrophy of growth
• Tendinopathies, with possible ruptures
• Myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, embolisms and other cardiovascular problems
• Impaired thyroid function
• Diabetes
• Appearance of manic syndromes characterized by aggressive and irritable behavior. Depression, low self-esteem and self-confidence, tendency to risky behavior
• Vertigo
• Dependence and progression towards other forms of substance abuse and dependence

 

Specific in men:

• Gynecomastia
• Baldness
• Impotence
• Decreased sperm production
• Contraction of the testicles

 

Specific in women:

• More serious voice
• Cessation of breast development
• Growth of facial hair, in the stomach and upper back
• Baldness
• Hypertrophy of the clitoris
• Abnormal menstrual cycles

 

S2. Peptide hormones, growth factors and related substances

The therapeutic use of these compounds is varied including, among others, treatments against cancer and treatments of premature children.

 

HGH and IGF-1:

• Colon, breast and prostate cancer
• Edemas, tingling, carpal tunnel syndrome and arthralgias
• Sweating, fatigue and dizziness
• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• Myocardial hypertrophy and decreased cardiac output
• Disproportionate enlargement of limb size and alteration of facial proportions by increase of sacral parts

 

EPO:

• It favors the survival and aggressiveness of tumors
• Increased risk of clot formation, cerebral infarction and cardiac infarction
• Tremors, sweating and anxiety
• Hypertension

 

S3. Beta-2 Agonists

The main therapeutic use of these compounds is the treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma.

• palpitations
• Headaches
• sweating
• Sickness
• Muscle cramps
• Tremors
• Increased heart rate

 

S4. Hormone and metabolism modulators

The therapeutic use of these compounds is varied including, among others, treatments against cancer.

 

GW1516:

Tumors in multiple tissues (liver, urinary bladder, thyroid, tongue, stomach, skin, harderian glands, testes, ovaries and uterus).

Insulin:

Hypoglycemia (weakness, nausea, drowsiness, shortness of breath and even coma, brain injury and death).

 

Selective modulators of estrogen receptors (SERM):

• Bleeding or abnormal vaginal discharge
• Pain or pressure in the pelvis
• Inflammation or sensitivity in the legs
• Chest pain
• Weakness, tingling, or numbness in the face, arms, or legs
• Sudden difficulty to see
• dizziness
• Severe and sudden headache
• Fatigue
• Changes in mood
• Increased risk of endometrial cancer (tamoxifen) and thromboembolic disease

 

S5. Diuretics and other masking agents

The main therapeutic use of these compounds is the treatment of hypertension, congestive cardiopathies and liver diseases.

 

Diuretics:

• Dehydration
• Dizziness or fainting
• Muscle cramps and cardiac arrhythmia due to the lowering of potassium
• Lowering blood pressure
• Loss of coordination and balance
• Death

 

M1. Manipulation of blood and blood components

Heterologous blood transfusions:

Transmission of infectious diseases.

Autologous blood transfusions:

Contamination of samples in handling, transport and storage processes.

Perfluorinated chemicals:

Anaphylactic reactions, tachycardia, headaches and back, fever and nausea.

Modified hemoglobins:

Hypertension, vasoconstriction, excessive production of free radicals and gastrointestinal problems.

 

S6. Stimulants

The therapeutic use of these compounds is the treatment of certain conditions such as attention deficit / hyperactivity, narcolepsy, obesity, depression as well as the following:

• Insomnia
• Anxiety
• Weight loss
• Dehydration
• Tremors
• Hypertension
• Tachycardia
• Increased risk of cerebral infarction, cardiac infarction and cardiac arrhythmia.
• Dependency and addiction

 

S7. Narcotics

The main therapeutic use of these compounds is the treatment of pain.

• Nausea and vomiting
• Decreased heart rate
• Respiratory depression
• Death
• Dependency and addiction

 

S8. Cannabinoids

• Increased heart rate
• Loss of short-term memory
• Distorted view of time and space
• Decreased ability to concentrate
• Slowing of coordination and reaction reflects
• Mood instability
• Difficulty thinking and loss of reading comprehension
• Respiratory diseases

 

S9. Glucocorticosteroids

The therapeutic use of these compounds is the treatment of allergies, inflammations, various skin conditions.

• Weight gain
• Emotional ability
• Insomnia
• Hyperglycemia
• Atherosclerosis
• Osteoporosis
• Increased risk of infection
• Growth retardation
• Myopathy
• Cataract
• Osteonecrosis

 

P2. Beta-blockers

The therapeutic use of these compounds is the control of arrhythmias, hypertension, migraines, anxiety states.

• Decreased heart rate
• Hypotension
• Bronchospasm

 

DOWNLOAD–>  List of prohibited substances

 

Further information: http://www.aepsad.gob.es